President Trump plans to sign an executive order on Thursday to create a process for the government to evaluate artificial intelligence models before they are publicly released, people who have been working on the order said, in a shift for an administration that promoted a hands-off approach to the powerful technology.

The order will give the Office of the National Cyber Director, which sits within the White House and oversees cybersecurity coordination in the government, and other agencies two months to develop the process, the people said. The goal is for the government to identify any security vulnerabilities revealed by A.I. models and to patch problems in its systems to help protect banks, utilities and other sensitive industries from cyberattacks.

The White House has proposed that the major A.I. companies voluntarily share their models from 14 to 90 days before a public release, the people said. The final process could also include the creation of a vault for security vulnerabilities, for companies and cybersecurity researchers to report vulnerabilities they find using A.I. models, some of these people said.

Mr. Trump’s executive order would formally shift the White House from its anything-goes approach with A.I. companies, which the president has said could help advance the United States in a technological race against China. Now, the administration plans to take a more hands-on stance. The decision to begin a formal oversight process stemmed from fears that A.I was becoming too powerful and could pose a security risk to the United States in the future, officials familiar with the discussions said.

Those fears increased last month after the start-up Anthropic announced a new A.I. model, Mythos. Anthropic said the model could find software vulnerabilities and lead to a cybersecurity “reckoning.” Government officials, banks and others worried that future A.I. models could find vulnerabilities that U.S. enemies would exploit.

Those concerns pit U.S. officials who favored some A.I. regulation for national security reasons against those who preferred a hands-off approach toward America’s corporate interests, including A.I. companies. Until the release of Mythos, the Trump White House had largely ignored cybersecurity as a top policy priority.